Overview
Git is a distributed version control system that allows teams to work on the same documents simultaneously. This means that there is a central server that contains all the files, but when a repository is checked out from this central source, the entire repository is cloned to the local machine.
Microsoft offers great support for building apps deployed to Docker containers in Visual Studio for Mac, that can be easily deployed and managed in Azure. With the power of the cloud behind your solution, you can easily compose powerful constellations of these containers known as 'microservices' that are independently managed and scaled. In this hands-on lab you will create a microservices solution that employs two ASP.NET Core apps hosted in separate Docker containers.
Objectives
Github Extension For Visual Studio Mac
- Create an ASP.NET Core web site
- Deploy the site in a Docker container
- Create and integrate an ASP.NET Core web API project in a Docker container
Prerequisites
- Visual Studio for Mac (https://www.visualstudio.com/vs/visual-studio-mac)
- Note that this lab currently requires switching to the Alpha channel in Visual Studio for Mac, as Docker support is available as a preview
- Docker (https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=847268)
Intended Audience
This lab is intended for developers who are familiar with C# and ASP.NET, although deep experience is not required.
Exercise 1: Getting started integrating with Docker containers in Visual Studio for Mac
Task 1: Creating an ASP.NET Core web site and enabling it for Docker
Launch Visual Studio for Mac.
Select File > New Solution.
Select the .NET Core > App category and the ASP.NET Core Web App template. Click Next.
If presented with a Target Framework selection screen for .NET Core, select the target framework you want to use, such as .NET Core 1.1. Click Next.
Enter a Project Name of 'DockerLab' and click Create.
The created project contains all the basics you need to build and run an ASP.NET Core web site.
In Solution Explorer, right-click the DockerLab project node and select Add > Add Docker Support. This will add a new Docker-specific project to the solution (docker-compose), along with a Docker configuration file to the project.
Open the newly added Dockerfile from the DockerLab project.
Dockerfile describes the application, including the base container, the port number to expose the application on, the entry point of the application, and more. You can learn more about this format here.
From the docker-compose project, open docker-compose.yml.
docker-compose.yml describes how the application should be composed of the required containers to set up a given solution. Right now, there's just one service for the DockerLab project created earlier. More will be added here as additional container apps become part of the solution.
Note that the docker-compose project has also become the default startup project. This makes it easy to launch multiple projects as part of the same debugging session.
Select Run > Start Debugging or press F5 to build, deploy, and run the project in a Docker container. This may take a minute or so to complete.
Once the application has launched in Safari, note that the URL is to the specific localhost port the container is listening on (it may vary from the screenshot below).
Open a new instance of Terminal.
Execute the command below to get a list of all Docker containers running.
Unless you have other containers running, there should be only one. Note that the data wraps into three lines in the screenshot below. A key point of interest is the port relay that indicates that the container is listening on a given port (which should be the same as used by the browser above) and using port 80 to reach its internal web server. As far as the app knows, it's listening on port 80.
Visual Studio Github
Task 2: Creating an ASP.NET Core Web API and enabling it for Docker
Return to Visual Studio for Mac and stop debugging.
In Solution Explorer, right-click the DockerLab solution node (the top-most node) and select Add > Add New Project.
Select the .NET Core > App category and the ASP.NET Core Web API project template. Rather than including some basic web application files to render HTML, this template includes a controller designed to handle RESTful requests. Click Next.
If presented with a Target Framework selection screen for .NET Core, select the target framework you want to use, such as .NET Core 1.1. Click Next.
Enter a project name of 'api' and click Create.
The project structure of the API project is similar to the web site project, except that it has fewer files since it doesn't need views or some of the client-side web components. It still uses MVC, so the Controllers folder is where the magic happens.
Right-click the api project node and select Add > Add Docker Support. This will run the same process as before, but will now merge new settings for this project alongside the existing settings for the DockerLab project.
Close and reopen docker-compose.yml to refresh the changes.
Now you will see that the second API project has been added alongside the web application. When built and run, they will be deployed to separate Docker containers and able to access each other as configured.
Task 3: Integrating two container apps
From the api project, open Controllers/ValuesController.cs. This is the default controller that contains a configured API you can edit.
Replace the first Get method with the code below. This is just a minor change to make the API easier to consume for our lab purposes. Do not remove the [HttpGet] attribute.
Your inserted code should look like this.
Set a breakpoint on the return line of code. You can do this by clicking in the margin or by setting the cursor somewhere on the line and pressing F9.
From the DockerLab project, open Controllers/HomeController.cs. This controller manages the content rendered for the default pages in the project.
In the About method, replace the first line referencing ViewData with the code below. This code integrates with the API you just edited in the API project and displays the result. This is a practical approach for the purposes of this lab and not a proper practice for more robust applications.
Set a breakpoint on the return line of this method.
Task 4: Debugging multi-container solutions
Press F5 to build and run the project. When the browser window loads, two Docker containers will be running.
In Terminal, execute the command below to view the containers.
The two containers with their details will be displayed. Note that the data wraps to three lines each.
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In the browser, navigate to the About page.
Visual Studio for Mac will hit two breakpoints during this request. Press F10 to step through each execution as the API request is returned to the web app (across Docker containers!) and rendered. You will eventually see the result of 'API' that was returned from the API displayed from the web app.
Refresh the page in the browser. This will hit the first breakpoint once again.
This time, open the Locals pad and locate the message variable. It should have the value of 'API' since that was the most recently executed line of code.
Double-click the value and change it to 'changed' (with quotes). Press Enter to apply.
Press F5 to continue execution.
The next stop will be in the container hosting the web app, where you will see the returned value. This time it should reflect 'changed'. Press F5 to continue execution once again.
The new API value should render out as HTML in the browser. This multi-container microservices solution is now ready to be extended and deployed.
Summary
In this lab, you've learned how to get started integrating with Docker containers with Visual Studio for Mac.
Develop apps and games for iOS, Android,
and web using .NET
Code in C#, F#, Razor, HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, TypeScript, XAML, and XML
With the power of Roslyn, Visual Studio for Mac brings IntelliSense to your fingertips. IntelliSense describes APIs as you type and uses auto-completion to increase the speed and accuracy of how you write code.
Quick Info tool tips let you inspect API definitions, squiggly lines in the editor highlight issues, in real time as you type.
Use the Visual Studio debugger to quickly find and fix bugs across languages.
The Visual Studio for Mac debugger lets you step inside your code by setting Breakpoints, Step Over statements, Step Into and Out of functions, and inspect the current state of the code stack through powerful visualizations.
As your project grows, chances are, you’ll find yourself restructuring and refactoring code that you or someone else wrote earlier. That’s a whole lot easier when Visual Studio for Mac takes care of the heavy lifting for you.
The Visual Studio for Mac editor supports powerful built-in refactoring options such as Extract Method and Rename, accessible via the Quick Actions menu.
Manage your code in Git or SVN repos hosted by any provider, including GitHub and Azure DevOps. Review diffs, stage files, and make commits from inside Visual Studio for Mac.
Choose the development environment that is right for you. With Visual Studio on both macOS and Windows, you can share your C# and F# projects seamlessly with your team using either OS.
| FEATURES | Visual Studio 2019 for Mac | Visual Studio 2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Web and cloud development using C# | ||
| ASP.NET Core and .NET Core | ||
| Publish to Azure | ||
| Azure Functions | ||
| Azure Connected Services | ||
| Docker container tools | ||
| Desktop development | ||
| WPF and Windows Forms | ||
| UWP | ||
| Mac Apps using Xamarin and C# | ||
| Console apps with C# | ||
| Desktop apps using C++ | ||
| Mobile and gaming | ||
| Mobile development with .NET using Xamarin and C# | ||
| Game development using Unity and C# | ||
| Mobile and game development using C++ | ||
| Other workloads and tools | ||
| Java | ||
| Python | ||
| SQL Server data tools | ||
| Node.js | ||
| Unit testing | ||
| Version control with Git | ||
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